Questions related to Patent ductus arteriosus

What is patent ductus arteriosus why is it more common in neonates

What is frequency of patent ductus arteriosus opening after fluid bolus does every patent ductus arteriosus need to be treated what are medicinal treatment options to treat patent ductus arteriosus and what are the surgical options what to do if if a baby presents late with patent ductus arteriosus how to manage if a baby presents in early hours with patent ductus arteriosus what is the differential diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus what are han long term or later in life consequences of untreated patent ductus arteriosus what are by acute consequences of patent ductus arteriosus what are correlations or associations of of patent ductus arteriosus

Bleeding in a neonate

What could be the presentations of bleeding in a neonate both free terms and terms what could be the causes related to environment that lead to bleeding in a neonate what could be e causes related to drugs that cause bleeding in a neonate such as the drugs that are given to the neonate which cause bleeding and the drugs which are not given to a neonate and this results in bleeding how do to bleeding manifestations occur in a neonate are they always obvious or is there hidden manifestation alsodress subsys calls Mili manifestations more than vitamin K deficiency or more than thrombocytopenia or is coagulation disorder apart from my tomakei deficiency common cause what are the differential diagnosis of platelet related disorders causing bleeding manifestations what is the differential diagnosis for extrinsic pathway coagulation disorder causing bleeding in a neonate what is the differential diagnosis for intrinsic pathway coagulation disorder causing bleeding in a neonate what is the differential diagnosis of platelet disorders related to platelet number function that cause bleeding in a neonate is calcium deficiency a cause of bleeding in a neonate how do we treat bleeding in a neonate how do we prevent bleeding in an unit common causes such as fall hyperthermia at 17 do this cause bleeding in a neonate is cranial scan a useful skill and technique to diagnose intracranial hemorrhage is scan of abdomen for liver hematoma or renal vein thrombosis original hematoma or abdominal hematoma or pulmonary hamartoma valuable tool for diagnosing bleeding manifestations in the respective sides does bleeding or thrombosis related to kidney almost always present with blood in urine is disseminated intravascular coagulation a big cause of mortality in neonates how do we manage disseminated intravascular coagulation in neonates is aggressive treatment for bleeding in your nails almost always warranted how much vigilant should a neonatologist be in the management of bleeding disorder

Neonatal Septicemia , Question Bank

Is the definition of success is same for neonates infants older children and adults how do we define sepsis in a neonate what is is the most common cause of septicemia in neonates what are the organisms in Pakistan that cause septicemia and units what is the empirical treatment for septicemia in neonates is the flora for preterms that causes septicemia different from that in turn babies what are clinical features including symptoms and science that mark septicemia what are laboratory parameters pointing towards septicemia what are points in history of a neonate aur his mother that point toward the risk factors for developing septicemia what is the differential diagnosis of causes of septicemia neonate what are the markers of infection and inflammation in a neonate what are the feasible markers of infection and inflammation in a neonate that we can afford how valuable is ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for septicemia in neonates the most common cause is that cause sepsis include urinary tract infection nimonia acute diarrhoea septic arthritis infected umbilical cord meningitis Hospital acquired infections called the nose a communal infections ventilator associated pneumonia what could be the closest differential to septicemia in a neonate what should be the rational to start antibiotics in a patient with suspected sepsis what should be the rational to stop antibiotics in an unit how do we e diagnose septic shock in a neonate is it the same as that for paediatric age group how do we manage septic shock in a neonate is it the same for preterms terms and older children's

Are there rare causes of septicemia that you missing and unit such as perinephric abscess hepatic abscess ventilator associated lung trauma is a closed differential of sepsis pyelonephritis is ultrasound very valuable in making a diagnosis of sepsis in a neonate is fungal infection a significant cause of septicemia in neonates apart from virus bacteria and fungi do protozoa cause septicemia in neonates

Neonatal Hypoglycemia, Question set

What is is the value of blood glucose to label hypoglycemia in a neonate

Is a symptomatic hypoglycemia really asymptomatic

How hypoglycemia affects general metabolism in a neonate

How how are brain heart lungs gastrointestinal system renal system genitourinary system skin in and bones affected due to hypoglycemia what are are or what should be the normal endocrinol response to hypoglycemia in a neonate

What is an abnormal endocrinol response to hypoglycemia in a neonate what is non-invasive treatment for hypoglycemia what is invasive treatment for hyperglycemia and when is it indicated what are the symptoms as stated by mother of neonate suffering from hypoglycemia and what are the signs that a neonatologist May observe what are acceptable blood glucose levels according to age in hours of a neonate is the blood glucose measured by glucometer absolutely equal to that in in serum or could it be fictitious lelo or hai due to to some drugs electrolyte imbalances temperature changes changes in blood pressure how do we treat hyperglycemia not responding to increasing feeding how do we treat hypoglycemia that does not respond to intravenous dextrose water how much strength of dextrose water may be given by a peripheral intravenous line and in how much strength it may be given by a Central line what if hypoglycemia is not responding 2 IV dextrose what are other treatment options and what would be the differential diagnosis in such neonate

Acidemia and Alkalemia discussion

Acidemia is blood pH less than 7.35. Urinary pH and Urinary electrolytes to be advisd for RTA. Which urinary electrolytes ? If there is acidosis, do get serum Anion Gap. Anion Gap is due to unmeasured anions. Hyperchloremia occurs in metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. Anion gap lower than expected can occur in the presence of hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia,hypolabuminemia, bromide intoxication, lab error. Blood lactate levels ? Toxicity with ethylene glycol, methanol, salicylates, starvation, GSD type 1, lactic acidosis due to (sepsis, hypotension and hypovolemia), acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, hypoaldosteronism, renal tubular acidosis, late metabolic acidosis of prematurity (will persist for 3 to 4 weeks due to abnormal HCO3- scavenging in preterms).

Alkalemia is urine pH > 7.45. Renal hypokalemia syndrome (Barter Syndrome), next, volume depletion results in aldosterone mediated sodium retention in exchange for potassium and H+ secretion which maintains alkalosis, next, hypokalemia is a stimulus for additional renal H+ secretion. In Bartter syndrome there is hypokalemin metabolic alkalosis, urinary chloride wasting, increased plasma renin and aldosterone levels, and normal to low BP.

old r4 card nintendo firmware kernel

The kernel firmware for your old r4 or rfi card may be found ath one of the following links:

https://www.r4wood.com/

http://www.linfoxdomain.com/nintendo/ds/

The method to use these is simple,
format your sd card,
copy the extracted files to the root of your card.
Copy any of the games , recommended that you play copy or use only legal copies if you have or the open source programs and games in your nintendo console.
Both the links have awesome collection.
Good luck.

Obesity in children, Nocturnal enuresis

Obesity in children:
It could be syndromic or a normal varient.
Nocturnal Enuresis:
Treat the cause if found !!!! Reassure the parents and the child. Advise the parents that there should be no punitive measures. Most of the children have a control over their bladder by the age of 5 years.
Kid must not consume caffeinated and sweet drinks after 5 PM , and no extra liquids after 7 PM. Alarm Therapy could be the initial choice. It is a form of conditional therapy. A sensor is placed in the diapers such that it senses the urine in diapers and alrams. Usually everyone other than the kid who urinated in the bed, wakes up due to the sound of the alarm. STARs may be given to the child for every dry night. A chart may be placed in his room, or hung up on the wall, showing a star for every dry night.
Desmopressin oral formulation may be advised. Intranasal therapy is no more recommended.
Oxybutynin may be useful for overactive bladder.
Tolterodine may be useful for overactive bladder.
Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant is no longer advised due to its bigg side effect profile.