Histology Slides Database: March 2015

Tuesday, March 24, 2015

Drip set rate

what are the formulas to calculate drops rate of a simple dripset, B.T set , and microburette ???

In in simple drip set 15 drops = 1 ml
In Blood Tx Set 12 drops = 1ml
In microdrip set (pediadrip) 60 micro-drops =1 ml

Various Formulae are given below.

1) Simple Calculation Formula is:

Fluid in ml *drops/time in min

2) Drop index Formula is :

Fluid in ml ×drop index/time in min

the drops will come out for one minute !
drop index is 15 for dripset ,, 60 for M.B (pediadrip) and 10 or BT set.

3) FOR BURETTE.. FLUIDS(ml)/TIME(hrs)

4) for DRIP.............FLUIDS(ml)/TIME(hrs) MULTIPLY BY 1/4.....e.g to give 500 ml in 8 hrs it will be approx 62 micro drop/min or 15 macrodrops.

Blood Pressure by Flush Method

A visual method of determination of blood pressures in newborn infants is presented. The cuff is placed around the ankle or wrist in the usual manner and a piece of rubber sheeting or old rubber glove is wrapped snugly around the foot or hand, so that the blood is pressed from the extremity. The cuff is then inflated to a pressure slightly above the suspected systolic pressure, the rubber bandage is then removed and the pressure is slowly released from the cuff. The approximate systolic pressure is the reading at which blood suddenly re-enters the foot or hand, causing a flush.

KAJAL in baby’s eyes.

This is a photo of a 4 months old infant.
Mother has used kajal to beautify his eyes.
1). What is the active disease causing agent in it ? What diseases can it cause?
2). Till what age of baby ,mother should be advised to not to use it in baby's eyes ?
3). Mother states that it protects her baby from 'evil eye'. How will you counsel her?

ANSWERS:
1). Lead in kajal is active agent that causes disease.
Diseases it can causes : irritative conjunctivitis , blockage of nasolacrimal duct (stenosis by irritative chronic inflammation, or by physical blockage) , CNS symptoms including behavioral changes, ecephalopathy, peripheral neuropathies,microcyti hypochromic anemia>> if intoxication is after 2 years of age....If before 2years of age then LOW IQ along with these. . ..These are in Chronic intoxication which is more common. The (rare) acute intoxication causes GIT disturbances which are not associated with our scenario.
2). it is toxic in all age groups as written above. So kajal containing lead should not be used in any age group.
3) Mother should be counselled that , to avoid evil eye, she should use kajal as 'tikka' on her baby's forehead, or cheeks but do not use it in baby's eyes... She can only use it in eyes if LEAD FREE KAJAL is available ..
~Dr.Tauseef.