Human Histology Slides

Histology Of JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Histology Of JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS:

At the vascular pole, smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the afferent glomerular arteriole are replaced by highly modified epithelioid cells containing cytoplasmic granules. These are the juxtaglomerular cells, in the adjacent segments of distal convoluted tubules the cells that border the juxtaglomerular area, are narrow and more columnar than elsewhere in the tubule.

This darker and more compact area is called macula densa. The juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa constitute the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

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Histological comparison Between various Tubules of Kidney

Histological comparison Between various Tubules of Kidney

Parameter	Proximal Convoluted tubule	Loop of Henle	Distal Convoluted Tubule	Collecting tubule
Length	15 mm		5 mm
Diameter	60 nm	12-15 jim	20-50 nm
Lumen	Smaller (because of brush border)	Larger	Larger (because of lack of brush border)	Larger
Convoluted	More		Less
Epithelium	Simple columnar epithelium	Simple squamous epithelium	Simple cuboidal epithelium	Simple cuboidal epithelium
Number of eells/T.S. of tubule	6-12	6-12	5-8 (but up to 20 at its macula densa)	15-20
Nuclel/T.S. of tubule «	3-5, large, centrally located and rounded	6-12 and are centrally located	6-8 and appear to be bulging into the lumen	15-20 and are centrally located
Apical canaliculi	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent
Luminal surface of epithelial cells	Brush border (striated)			Basal striations
Lateral cell boundaries	Not clear	Not clear	Not clear	Clearly demarcated
Apical brush border of cells (microvilli)	Well-developed & possess phosphate enzymes	Only few microvilli	Not-well developed	Few microvilli
Cytoplasmic basal acidophilic mitochondrial strlatlons	Well-developed	Absent	Present but faintly stained	May be seen in some cells but poorly stained
Cytoplasm	Deeply acidophilic & more granular	Pale staining	Less acidophilic & less granular	Very pale staining
Reabsorptlon	Actively absorb glucose, amino acids & proteins		Absorb sodium due to aldosterone	Water
Excretion	Certain dyes & drugs (penicillin)		Sodium & potassium due to vasopressin

comparison Between various Tubules of Kidney

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