1. No visible clubbing. Fluctuation (increased ballotability) and softening of the nail bed only. No visible changes of nails.
2. Mild clubbing. Loss of the normal <165? angle (Lovibond angle) between the nailbed and the fold (cuticula). Schamroth's window is obliterated. Clubbing is not obvious at a glance.
3. Moderate clubbing. Increased convexity of the nail fold. Clubbing is apparent at a glance.
4. Gross clubbing. Thickening of the whole distal (end part of the) finger (resembling a drumstick)
5. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Shiny aspect and
striation of the nail and skin
Friday, March 2, 2018
Clubbing
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