CLASSIFICATION OF Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs
Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs(Drugs used in Parkinsonism) are classified as follows :
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
1.AMINO ACID PRECURSOR OF DOPAMINE used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Levodopa
2.ANTIVIRALS used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Amantadine
3.ERGOT DERIVATIVES used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Bromocriptine
· Lysuride
· Pergolide
· Carbergoline
· Quinagolide
· Mesulergine
4.MORPHINE DERIVATIVES used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Apomorphine
5.NON ERGOT DERIVATIVES used in Parkinson’s Disease·
Pramipexole
· Ropinirole
· Rotigotine
6.ENZYME INHIBITORS used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor)
· Carbidopa (Dopamine Decarboxylase inhibitor)
· Benserazide (Dopamine Decarboxylase inhibitor)
7.PLACEBO used in Parkinson’s Disease
· IPX066
8.FATTY ACID used in Parkinson’s Disease
· Omega 3
Omega 3 in diet protects brain cells by preventing misfolding of a protein resulting from a gene mutation in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Huntington’s.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF MECHANISM OF ACTION
1.DRUGS causing SYNTHESIS OF DOPAMINE
· Levodopa
2.DRUGS causing STIMULATION OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS
· Bromocriptine
· Lysuride
· Pergolide
· Carbergoline
· Quinagolide
· Apomorphine
· Rotigotine
· Ropinirole
· Pramipexole
3.Drugs Causing RELEASE OF DOPAMINE FROM INTACT DOPAMINERGIC TERMINALS
· Amantadine
4.Drugs BLOCKING EXCITATORY CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY
ANTICHOLINERGICS
· Diphenhydramine
· Trihexyphenidyl
· Benztropine
· Biperiden
· Procyclidine
· Orphenadrine
ANTICHOLINERGICS/ANTISPASMODICS
· Scopolamine
· Dicyclomine
5.Drugs RETARDING BREAKDOWN OF DOPAMINE
· Selegiline
· Rosagiline
· Tranylcyproxime
· Phenelzine
· Isocarboxazid
6.Drugs PREVENTING METHYLATION OF LEVODOPA
· Entacapone
· Tolcapone
7.Drugs PREVENTING BREAKDOWN OF LEVODOPA IN THE PERIPHERAL TISSUES
· Carbidopa
· Benserazide
8.Drugs DELAYING RE-UPTAKE OF DOPAMINE
· Amantadine
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF THE DOPAMINE RECEPTORS EFFECTED
1.D2 Receptor Drugs
· Bromocriptine
· Lysuride
· Carbergoline
· Quinagolide
· Ropinirole
2.D1 AND D2 Receptor Drugs
· Pergolide
· Apomorphine
3.D3 Receptor Drugs
· Pramipexole
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF SITE OF ACTION
1.CENTRALLy acting ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS
· Levodopa
· Selegiline
· Apomorphine
· Trihexyphenidyl
2.PERIPHERALLY ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS
· Carbidopa
· Entacapone
3.CENTRALLY AND PERIPHERALLY ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS
· Amantadine
· Bromocriptine
· Tolcapone
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
1.ORALLY Administered Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs· Levodopa
· Carbidopa
· Amantadine
· Bromocriptine
· Trihexyphenidyl
· Selegiline
· Procyclidine
· Orphenadrine
2.SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs
· Apomorphine
· Apomorphine accompanied by anti emetic e.g. Domperidone
3.ORAL+INJECTION Administered Anti-Parkinsonism Drugs
· Benztropine
· Biperiden
· Diphenhydramine
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF THERAPEUTIC USES
1.Drugs for RIGIDITY in Parkinson’s Disease
· Levodopa
· Carbidopa
· Anticholinergic drugs
-Diphenhydramine
-Benztropine
-Procyclidine
2.Drugs for BRADYKINESIA in Parkinson’s Disease
· Carbidopa
· Levodopa
· Benserazide
· Co-reldopa(Levodopa+Carbidopa)
· Co-beneldopa(Levodopa+Benserazide)
3.Drugs for TREMORS in Parkinson’s Disease
· Diphenhydramine
· Orphenadrine
· Biperiden
· Benztropine
· Amantadine
4.Drugs END-OF-DOSE AKINESIA in Parkinson’s Disease
· Bromocriptine
· Selegiline
· Levodopa+Selegiline
· Rosagiline
5.Drugs for ON-OFF PHENOMENON in Parkinson’s Disease
· Dopamine Agonists
-Bromocriptine
-Pergolide
-Ropinirole
· Controlled release Levodopa/Carbidopa
· Amantadine
6.Drugs for NEUROLEPTIC INDUCED PARKINSONISM
· Anticholinergic drugs
-Triphexyphenidyl
-Biperiden
-Benztropine
7.Drugs for DEPRESSION in Parkinsonism
· Selegiline
· Rosagiline
8.Drugs INCREASING “ON-TIME” AMONG RESPONSE FLUCTUATIONS in Parkinsonism
· Pergolide
· Entacapone
· Tolcapone
9.Drugs for GRAND-MAL SEIZURES in Parkinsonism
· Carbamazepine
· Valproate
· Add-on-therapy
Lamotrigine
Gabapentin
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUGS ON THE BASIS OF CONTRA INDICATIONS
1.Drugs contra-indicated in PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS
· Levodopa
· Dopamine Agonists
-Bromocriptine
-Pergolide
-Ropinirole
· Anticholinergic drugs
-Diphenhydramine
-Trihexyphenidyl
-Biperiden
2.Drugs contra indicated in GLAUCOMA
· Anticholinergic drugs
-Procyclidine
-Benztropine
-Biperiden
· Levodopa
3.Drugs contra indicated in MELANOMA
· Levodopa
4.Drugs contra indicated in MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
· Dopamine Agonists
-Bromocriptine
-Rotigotine
-Ropinirole
5.Drugs contra indicated in SEIZURES
· Amantadine
6.Drugs contra indicated in DIFFICULTY IN MICTURITION AND CONSTIPATION
· Anticholinergic drugs
-Procyclidine
-Trihexyphenidyl
-Diphenhydramine
-Benztropine
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